Automatic timing mechanism for fuel injection pumps



Dec. l5, 1942. H. FlscHLMAYR 2,305,308

AUTOMATIC TIMING MECHANISM FOR FUEL INJECTION PUMPS n Filed June 8. 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 5y y 5I 44 43 '53,75 46 i-LL; l 4* 7 i 4953 l 45 ,i 3 4l '"l 'i i l l lnvefr' l Hans Fschlmay Alarneys.

Dec. l5, 1942. HpFlscHLMAYR 2,305,308

AUTOMATIC TIMING MECHANISM FOR FUEL INJECTION PUMPS Filed'June 8,1940 4 sheets-Sheets y Hans Fschlmayr Lfmww Lumi Lfllmwur L@ Y Y Mw k d Attormsysy Dec. 15, 1942. H; FlscHLMAYR y 2,305,303 AUTOMATIC TIMING MECHANISM FOR FUEL INJECTION PUMPS I Filed June 8, 1940 l4 sheets-sheer 4 'Y Y lave/:la` Hjcms Fschlmayr Attorneys.

' for the vtiming mechanism.

l l ent invention;

Patented Dec. 15, 1942 AUTOMATIC `1mi:cniiNIsM,Fon n FUELllamarlosPUMPS j 'llans'Fischlmayn Grafelllnnear manyrvestcd in the Alien Property ,Application .rane s, i940, Na. 339,531 f InGermanyl\`eln' ua.x'y'17,1939

' (cries- 140) The present invention deals .with mechanisml for automaticallytimingfuel 'injection pumps used in connection with linternal combustionengines of'Diesel, semi-Diesel, and similar types.

j Just 'as it is desirable to" advance or retard V the ignition spark of an internal combustion engine using gasoline fuel,when'the speed of the engine increases or decreases, so alsoin anengine ofthe Diesel, semi-Diesel, orsimilar type, it, is desirable to advance or retardfthe time of 'vinn jectionfof the liquid fuel into the engine cylinder, as the speed of the engine increases or decreases. Various mechanisms for timing` the in. jection have heretofore been proposed, but for one reason or another none of them`has been entirely satisfactory.

An object of thepresent inventionistheprovision of a simple and improved timing mechanism of this character. 2

Another object vis lthe provision vof.; timing mechanism of rsturdy construction requiring `but few parts, and not likely'to get out of order.

tion of Kurt "Zwiclr,y Fritz Deckel, 4Hans Fischl- `n uayr, and lJuliuseUlsamer. The internal combustionfmotorfl (not shown) with" which this pump is used, drives a shaft; I2','whichin tum drives the main operating shaft of the pump. (notsliown in Fig; 1 but. corresponding to the shaft. ofsaid patent) throughfthe usual adjustabley coupling a' de vice I3 which,l by shiftingthe control lever, il, turns the pump shaft 'a slight amount in onel directionor the other lrelatively tothe shaft ft2,

tovaryfthe timingbo'f the pump relatively tothe shaft l2, and consequentlyto vary.- the time of injection 'of the fuel into -thei'cylinders of the engine, relatively tothe movementsof the pistons in those cylinders. Y 'i This adjustable coupling timer Il inay be. of any suitable'knownconstructiom andi-'it is lsufl' iicienft for` present purposes `tor-sayfthatit. uiay to Schmidt, or

' Still'another object is the provision oftiming mechanism compactly arranged mainly withinthe space 4usually occupied by the A.fuel injection pump, so that little additional spaceisfneeded To these and other ends in certainfimprovements and combinations of parts, all as will be hereinafter more fully described, the novel features being pointed ,out in e the claims at they end of the specification.

rIn thefdrawings: Y l

Fig'. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a fuel injection pump'with timing mechanism constructed the invention resides e operate on the same principles disclosed in United States Patent 930,495, granted August 10,1909,

United granted November Af2, 1915, to Watson;v l or.l upon .the sameprinciplesas-the partsy 58,159,- and, 6l in e Fig. 2v of the'ftira'wir`i'gs-l vof the :United States Patent 1,845,600,- granted February tothe most'retarded injection timing, V'while the 1 dotted line position in accordance with one embodiment of the pres- Fig. 2 1s an end elevation,

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section taken-approximately on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2;v

e with partsinyertical Cross section, offsuch a pump;

' Fig. 4 is a view of the pump partly infplan andr l partly in horizontal sectiontaken approximately onfthe line 4-4 of Fig. 2, and Fig. k5 is a diagrammatic view similar to Fig. 1,

, 'illustrating an alternative arrangement. n

, The vsame reference numeralsthroughout the` several views illustrate the 'same' parts. e

Referring first to Fig. 1 there is shown diagrammatically a fuel injection pump Il which may be constructed in general in yany known form. For instance, exceptas otherwise herein [leave this cylinder muy orifice 3|.

disclosed, the pump may be `of thesame general construction disclosed in United States Patent 2,131,779, granted 0ctober`4, 1938, for an inveny II corresponds-to themost advancedinjection timing, thelever being movable to any ydesired position lbetween these two limits- TheV timing control lever is. connected 4to and moved by a rod I1 connected toa piston i9 in a Vcylinder 42|, normallyurged by a coiled spring 2,3 in a rightwarddirection,

that is, inthe direction towardzretarded timing. A conduit ,25 leads to that portion of the cylinder 2| to the right of, the' piston i9, 'from the; overflow or vbyfpass spaces 21 around the'cylinders of the fuel pump, all of these spaces being connected to each other and tothe conduit 25 so that the/excess or bypa'ss fuelr fromeach" cylinder of the pump will ilow through the'oonduit 25 and enter therlght hand end of the` cylinder'2l.

` A discharge conduit 25, also connectedto the right hand end'of the cylinder2l, vleadshack to the fueltahk 33," 'and in this conduit 29 is a throttlingv orifice or restriction 3l. The excess or overflow fuel from lthe pump entering the cylinder Zlthrough the conduit 25, can normally through the throttling Thus the greater the quantity of fuel delivered tothe cylinder -2l peiunit of ltimerthe 'I greater will be the liquid pressure built up within States Patent 1,158,876,

16,.; 1932, to Herr. In Fig. 1l ofthe present drawings, thefull line'po'sitioni Aof the" control lever i icorresponds e iiow spaces |6i of said Zwickpatent.' In the ,l present pump, however, the connections lilgetc.,

between the suction spaces |66 `and overflow.

spaces III of the Zwick patent are omitted so that the excess fuel discharged into the overdowy spaces |6| (or spaces 21 in the present drawings) can not flow directly back to the suctionspaces Ill (or spaces 66, of the present drawings) but` must bedischarged through the conduit26 into I the cylinder 2|.

The operation of the mechanism dia- K grammatically illustrated in Fig. 1 isV as follows:

When the motor-to which the injection pump is connected is running vidly or at low speed, the

@amount of overiiow or by-passed fuel passing into -the conduit 26 per unit of Ytime is relatively small-- `The throttling orifice 6| offers but little Aresistance to such a slight flow of liquid, so that the 'overdow fuel can escape l.from the cylinder 2| practically as fast as'itis delivered thereto,

with the'consequence that'the piston I6 remains `at the right hand end of its travel, underthe inuence of the spring 23, or is displaced only to a slight extent from such position, the control lever Il of the .timing device thus'being in the position .or almost in the position correspondingin the most 'retarded `injection of fuel intol the engine.

when the engine vis .inne run at iiiigiiei-imeed,1A a greater quantity of fuel is injectedby the pump v into the engine at each revolution of the pump, v

and less fuel per `revolution goes in to the overflow spaces. and the conduit 26. But dueto the speeding up of the pump,.although the overV 'flow quantity of fuel -is slightly less per're'volution of the pump, it is greater per unit of time than when the engine was running more slowly.

increased resistance from the throttling orifice 6|, and so builds up a pressure in the cylinder 2| (to the fight of the piston I6) approximately proportional to the.increased rate per unit of time at which the fuelis beingdelivered to the cylinder. This pressure causes leftward movement of the piston I6 against the force of the to deliver fuel to four cylinders of a connected engine. These plungers li correspond to the plungers I1 in said ZwickV patent, and are driven in known manner by the cam shaft 46 corresponding to the cam shaft Il of said patent, which cam shaft is ldriven from the vengine `through 4the variable :coupling or timing device I3 of Fig. 1 of the presentfdrawings.'

In the upper part 66 of the pump, inlet or 'y suction chambers 44 and overflow or by-pass chambers 16 surround each plunger cylinder,

"nd correspond to the inlet or suction chambers |06 and ythe overflow or by-pass chambers |6| in saidjZwick patent, except that the two chambers in-said Zwick patent are connected to each other, whereas in the present pump the chambers vare not connected directly to each other, and fuel. in the overow chambers 66 can not flow directly back into the suction chambers M. The fuel "to' be injected is conveyed from the pump vto the engine A.through the conduits `61.

A bore'ls extending longitudinally along the upper part .46 ofthe pump, serves to connect all of' the 'overiiowspaces ,66 with each other. An-

einer bore sifexndsrnaraiiei in the bore u andis connected thereto (by the conduit, in

which? is placed a -throttlingv orifice 66 and a i spring 'pressed'one-way check valve. 51, to damp i the pressure'pulsations lofthe fuell owing from 'the bore to the bore 6|, and to prevent any 'fuel being drawn backfrom the bore 6I' into the borels-and'ov'ertlow spaces 4 6 ,during the suction strokes Lof the pump plungers. An individual throttling orifice'and check valve could be provided in connection with each overflowy space 46, if desired,- between such space and the bore 16,' although "the arrangement shown is quite satisfactory and more economical.

- j A discharge conduit ss leads from ine bore n to the fuel tank or any othersuitable reservoir,

.and corresponds to the conduit 29 inthe diagrammatic illustration in v asuitable place in this conduit 66 is theA throttiing Fig. l.. Interposedv at orifice si, corresponding in the iin-ottime orifice lliri` Fig. 1.` This orifice 6| is preferably infthe form of an apertured plug. which is accessible so that itcan `betalren out and replaced by another V.The greater quantity of fuel per unit of time which is introduced into the cylinder 2| meets spring 23, moving the timing devicefcontr'ol lever Il leftwardly, in adirection toward the position of advanced injection. Thus the time of beginning of the injection, relatively to the cycle of the engine cylinders, is advanced incre and more, as the speed of the engine increases, and conversely as the speed of the engine decreases, the pressure of the excess fuel acting on the piston I6 becomes less and less, so that the control lever Il moves back toward theright and the injection becomes more and more retarded.

Further details of construction of 'a pump operating on the same principles diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 1, are shown in Figs. 2 to 4 of the drawings, -to which reference is now made.

'As above stated, the pump may be the same in general as that disclosed in said Zwicirk Patent 2,131,179. The pump 4| here illustrated has four individual pump plungers I3, arranged in a row,

plug vwith a larger or smaller aperture in order toI change, when necessary, lthe flow resistance characteristics.

Longitudinally movable inthe cylinder constituted by the bore 5| (which corresponds to the cylinder 2| in the 4diagrammatic illustration in Fig. 1) is a plunger 63, corresponding to the pisyton I9 in Fig. l. v'The pressure of the fuel tothe left of the plunger 63 constantly tends tomove it rightwardly into contact with the end of a rod 65 slidable longitudinally through a stufng box in one end of the cylinder 5|, and corresponding to the rod |1 in Fig. 1 of the drawings, this rod 65 being connected to the control arm I5 of the timing device 3 (Fig. 1) v Two springs 61 and 66, surrounding the rod 66, press leftwardly upon a spring seat 1 yconnected to the rod, and tend to push the rod 65 and the plunger 66 leftwardly to a position determined bythe stop pin 13, which position correspondsto the mostretardd timing of the fuel injection. The outer spring 61 reacts at its right end against the left end of the gland 15 which Vcloses the rightend of the cylinde'r 6|, and thus the spring 61 acts leftwardly on theirod 65 at all times. The other spring 66,

` however, reacts `at its right end on a flange or shoulder on-a sleeve 11 which is slidable longitudinally on the rod 66 through a limited range,

shoulder on the Afroci to limit rightward movement much greater variations per-unitof time due to of the sleeve. When the rod isin or near the the speeding up or slowing down of the '.lengine, positionshown in Fig. 3, thegsleeve 11 is in contact it follows that the movementsoi' thecontrol rod with' the-shoulder onthe rod and the spring 69.` 5 65 are practicallytproportionai to the speed at although under compression, does Anot tend tol whicli'the engine is running-.wk 1

move the rod 65 in either direction.A 'But `when There ishowever', some slight -variationcaused thero'd 65 moves farther tothe right, the right by the larger or vsmaller quantities of, ove'riiow hand end of the sleevel-'l comes against the lgland fuel per revolution: andi: itis desired to elimi- 15, and further rightward movement .oflthe'rod lo nate the slight influence on the timing whichv is 65 is resisted by the spring 69' as well as the spring thus produced, 'it canA be vdone by employing the 61. Wihfthis spring arrangement, there is `relaf arrangementillustrated diagrammatically in Fig.

tively slight resistance (from thespring 61 alone) 5 of the drawings,the of whichconf to the iirst part oi the rightward movement of struction are the samelas those in Fig. 1, andare the rodilso that when the engineis's'tartedand 15 `designated by fthe" same numerals. In thisy conacceleration begins, the timing 4is quickly adistruciaionoi,Fig.A 5, however, in place of the n'x'ed vanced` to an intermediate position, and then throttling 'orifioefll .th Ie isfplovidod ,o Vi'ibie the sleeve having also a ilange which seatson a di lion, are relatively small in comparisonto the when the speed of the engine increases stillfur- -thlottlingforio lDI' vluced by a needle 81 extherythe second spring 69 comesinto play and tending through ai wall ofthe conduit 29 in a increases the resistance to a further Aadvance in geliquid tight butflonitudiollyf, movable manner. \the timing.. m 'm `und havinga conical or otherwise suitablyjta'- The range of movement of the rodi! caribe v-pered .end .891 for entering `the throttlingoriilce changed bychanging the stop pin lvliwh'ich'is fil; 4133tmovingy tho needlif. 3 9. in 'on'e direction formed on the end o! a removable `screw plug, `0r theother, 'to'proiect the pointed end farther m I as shown) and the gland`15, while the character' 25-`1Iit0or zwithdiawit farther fromffthe'y orifice j3l'.

. orifice 6i without creating much pre'ssurefto'the istics of movement within' this range' caribe-zA the effective flow Cross iieotio'nofthe orifice 3i changed by replacing either or both of the lsprings may be changed. M `Other suitable means,V con- 61 and 68 withy springs of greater or less power, 'tl'vOlled in a manner Similr t0 that Set fOrtll by replacngfthe tubular sleeve 11 with one-of a. below,-ool11d be used, for `changing the offotive different length, and 'by changing the'throttling 3o cross sectionoftheoriiice in place of the tapered `oriilce 6I. By taking advantage ofthesepossif'- @needle-p K y, ,l g bilitiesofchange, the characteristics of the mechv.Mits oliteriond the needle hasv o vitl'nfvelsf lanisni can be suited to those ofthe engine with i Slot 9|. intojwhich extends alpin 9 3y on a lever which it is to be used, in order to obtain theincst 91 pivotally Supported ot 95- A link [9,9 iS lDivbenenciai resuus. p 1 asv oted to this ,lever 91 and to one arm "l oro 'ro'avoid an undes'irnbiyhigu pressureor fuel i bei! vwink supported on of piyotllll# 'The other in .the cylinder 5| to the left orjtuepiunger sa arm |05 of this bell ora isoomieted by ,o link at high speed operation, it is desirable to provide, |01 t0 the v,lltl'tll I'Od l ,91, the fuel lnJiiCtlOn as a'safety valve, a smalll passageway through Dum-D. this oontlfol rod corresponding; for exam-V f theplunger 63, asshown in Fig. 3,.this'passage io-ple, 't0 the GQYitIOl rod` 605 in `said Zwick Patent wey being provided with a valve 1a spring pressed .2,131.7'19.- .Movement oi to@L rod 1n one direction toward itssent and normsuy heid-closed unless @for theother increasesfor deorees thoinleted the pressure to the left of the valveexceeds a -f fqualltlty 0f. fuel and oollvefl'tely,llolea-tsk oT'ln' vpredetermined amount, in which event the 'valve creases fthe oveliiowlor ,by-'pass duritityof `filel can open against the *force of its `springand allow 45 Per l'eVOlutlQn 0f the Dumpl some .of the fuel'. to pass ,tol the right'of the Tllls colltl'ol Todd. may be regulated either plunger 63 andescape'from this kpart ofthe cyl#- i ,by a. oelltrivfusalregulator or governor indicated indersithrougn thezconnectionopenmg al 1ead i diasfammaticollyot llflior through an adjusting. ing into the discharge conduit sa: i a lover ill, or in any yother suitable mannenthe The'v mechanism of this'fform operateson .the 50 detalls of the Way in Wlllohtlle rod, loo'lsolovod same principles as those diagrammatically illus- 'bom-g ummpol'to'nt, l-'oly Prosoolpllposos'; trnred in Fig. 1. when the engine isrunning at l This form oidevioe operates as io11WS 1 low speed, with smali'quanti-ties of fuel nuected .Assumetllot the motor is runnins'at full lood, into the cylinders, the surplus 'fuel'- entering the and .that it 1S desired t0 cut down the quantity overflow space I6 and conduit 49 -is'la'rge per rev- 55 0f iuel injected Pel' evollltlon t0' Cause the motor olutionof the pump but'smail per'. unit of time', to run' al? llo-mol lood- To do this' the control and it may escape readuyjthrough the throttling i ,rod 09 1S shifted iflthe dlrctlon 0f the-10W associated therewith in Figa-5, and this vaffects the lpumpn'iechimism (as explainedfor example,

- left of the plunger. 63.. Under these conditions in Said zwi-ck Patent 2,131,7'19iin a manner to f. pressure to the ieftof the plunger lllfltnngislggtsthgfrgigglfgtpine 0 decrease the injected quantity andincrease the retarded injection. When greater quantum-S01 .oveijowvoliantity oi'iuelfat each revolution of fuel are delivered tothe engineand the `engine the pump. Therefore, an increased quantity of speeds up, then the quantity'ofexcessiuel passfuel :P el revolution begins to iiow through the ing to the overiiow space 4s and gajthermg conconduit 25 into the cylinder .2L kDue to, the duit becomes iess per revolution or the pump inertia ofthe moving parts. the motor, and pump` down but continue for but reater unit o time, nd the increased do not lmmellatoly Slow g per f a a moment Vtoturn at the/same speed as before.

lum unit 4i tim a lno va so' asil vo e per o e c 'n t p ss e y kWith the parts still yturning at ythesan'ie speed `throu h the throttlin orifice 6I', so that. the g g is increased -7n` and with an increased overflow per reVQlutlOll a and this lunger is moved `rightwardly, likewise greater quantity 0f fuel pelullt Gltlme l5 ln moving tti; rod 85 in a direction to advance the duced lnto'tlle "Ylllllel'v 2l' and the throwing oriiice. 3l is ofconstant size,as vin 4the previous timing ofthe injection. Sincethevariations in my quantity of overiiowffuel pei'revolution'v of the embodimonts, thislwould result in 9.2110111611 u1 v pumnbetween idle condition and ruil load conif increased pressure .in tho Wunde? "NMSP-W d move the control leverl Il in a direction to ad` vance the timing. v I

Under some conditions, this advance of the timing at the instant when the motor is about to be slowed down, may be undesirable, and such advance is avoided with the present mechanism, because the movement of the control rod |09 has at the same time, through the connecting parts |01, |05, 99, and 01, moved therneedle 01 downwardly to withdraw it' partially from the orifice 3|, thus increasing the size ofthe orifice so that the increasing amount of overflow fuel can escape from the cylinder-2| without building up any higher pressure invthis cylinder.

Similarly, if the engine is running slowly and the control rod |09 is shiftedto increase the quantity of injected fuel to speedup theengine, lthe overflow quantity of fuel per revolution ywould be decreased, and without-the adjustablecontrol'of the orifice 1|, the pressure in the cylinder 2| would momentarily fall (until the engine and pump had actually speeded up), thus retarding the timing momentarily. But with the .present arrangement, this operation is accompanied by an vautomatic upward movement `of the needle 81,'which reducesthe area of the orifice 3| so that the pressure in the cylinder does not, drop, and theytimingis not retarded while the speed of revolution remains the same, 4

but` is gradually advanced as the motor and pump speed up. Thus the automatic timing is strictly in accordance with the speed of the engine and is not affected by the'movements'of the control rod |09f in one direction or the 'other vto increase or decrease the linjected quantity of fuel.

In .designing the. orifice control member 81, 09, care is taken, ofy course, to shape this controlvmember in such manner that thelncrease or decrease in the effective cross sectional-flow area of the orifice 3|, due to a given movement l of the member 81, properly balances thefincrease or 'decrease in the quantity .of fuel which results from that movement of the Vcontrol rod |09 which produces the given movement of the member 01. If desired, the cross sectional shape of the member 81, 8i! can also'be made so that in one or several zones of the controlrange, the

pressurefluctuations caused by changes in the quantity of the .overflow or excess fuel may manifest themselves to a greater or lesser extent, in order to adapt the mechanism as perfectly as possible to the individual characteristics of the particular engine and of-the particular pump with which this mechanism is to be used.

The movements of the'cross section changing member 8l, instead of being 1eilected'by movements of the control rod |09, could also be effected directly by the operatingflever H3, if desired, in which case the flow cross section of the orifice 3| would bechanged whenever the pump delivery rate is altered by moving the lever i I3, but would not be changed in accordance Apulsations inthe excess I claim: y.

1. A` fuelinjection pump of the type by-passlng a-quantity of excess fuel at each cycle of operation and having adjustable timing means for varying the time of 'beginning a fuel `injection cycle, characterized by the provision of a chamber for receivingthe by-passed excess fuel, a restricted outlet for escape of fuel from said chamber so that an increase or decrease in the quantity of excess fuel delivered to said chamber per unit of time tends to produce respectively an increase or decrease in the fuelpressure within said chamber, means responsive to a. change in pressure withinsaid chamber for changing the adjustment of said timing means'to advance the timing upon an increase in pressure and to vretard the timing upo'na decrease in pressure `for varying 'thetirne of beginning a fuel injection'- cycle,y characterized by the provision' of a chamber'fcr receiving the by-passed excessfuel,

ka restricted outlet for escape yof.' fuel from said chamber so that anincrease or decrease in the quantity of excess fuel delivered to said chamber per unit of ltimetends to produce respectively an increaseordecrease -in the fuel pressure within said chamber, means responsive lto a change in pressure ,withinj said chamber for changing the adjustment of said timing means to advance the timing. upon an` increase in pressure and to retard ,the timing upon a decrease in 4pressure within said chambenand a throttlingr restrictionv in the line of flow of excess fuel fromsaid pump lto said chamber, to tend to damp pressure fuel before-they reach said chamber.l Q

3. A-fuel injection lpump of the type by-passing a quantity of excess fuel at each cycle of operation and having adjustable timing means for varying the time of beginning a fuel injection cycle, characterized bythe provision of a chamber for receiving the by-passed excess fuel, a restricted 'outlet for escape of fuel froml said chamber so thatV an increase or decrease in the quany A tity of excess fuel delivered to said chamberper with those movements of the control rod |09 which are produced solely by the centrifugal governor rather than by the lever H3.

While certain embodiments of the invention have been disclosed, it is to be understood that the inventive idea may be carried out in a number` of ways. ThisA application is therefore not` unit of timetends to produce respectively an increase or decrease in the fuel pressure within said chamber, a member movable in response to pressure changes within said` chamber, a connectionbetween said member and said adjustable timing means ,to move said means in timing-advancing direction upon an increase in pressure in saidv chamber and' in timing-retarding direction upon a decreasev in pressure within said chamber, a spring tending to move said member in timing-retarding direction against the force of presure within said chamber, and a removable and replaceable stop for limiting movement of said member in said retardlng direction.

4. A fuel 4injection pump of the type by-passing a quantity of excess fuel at each cycle of to be limited to the .precise details described, but,

is intended to cover all variations and modifications thereof falling within thescope of the appended claims.

operation and having adjustable timing means forvarying the time of beginning a fuel injection cycle, characterized by the provision of a chamber for receiving the `lay-passed excess fuel, a restricted outlet for escape' of `fuel from said chamber so thatan increase or decrease in the quantity of excess fuel delivered to said chamber per unit of time tends to produce respectively an increase or decrease in the fuel pressur'ewithin saldchamber, a member movable in response to'pressurechanges within said chamber, a conasoaaos in pressure in l duce increased resistance to further movement 1 in said timing-advancing direction.

5. A construction as described in claim 4, further characterized by a sleeve associated with said member against which one end of said second spring' bears, said sleeveV reacting against said member while said-member is near the retarded end of its range of movementand reacting against a fixed abutment when said member moves a substantial distance in timing-advancing direction.

6. A fuel injection pump of the type by-passing a quantity of excess fuel at each cycle of operation and having adjustable timing means for varying the time of beginning a fuel injection cycle, characterized by the provision of a chamber for receiving the by-passed excess fuel, a restricted outlet for escape of fuel from said chamber so that an increase or decrease in the quantity of excess fuel delivered to said chamber per unit of time tends to produce respectively an increase or decrease in the fuel pressure within said chamber, a plimger in said chamber normally retaining the excess fuel in that part of said chamber which lies to one side of said plunger, said plunger being movable in said chamber in response to variations in pressure of said excess fuel, an operative connection betweenv saidY plunger and said adjustable timing means to move said means in accordance with movements of said plunger, a passageway leading 'through said plunger, and a safety valve associated with said passageway so that when the fuel pressure in said chamber on one side of a predetermined amount, fuel may pass through said passageway and safety valve to enter the other portion of said chamber on the other side of said plunger.

7. A fuel injection pump of the type by-passing a quantity of excess fuel at each cycle of operapressure within said chamber, a vsecond spring normally ineective to tend to move ,saidl member so long as saidV member is near ftheretarded end of its range of movement, said second'sprin'g Y coming into play as saidmember moves a substantial distancein timing-advancing'unecuon 'to yproduce increased resistance to further movementY in such direction, and a sleevel 'associated with said memberpand .serving as. anrabutment against Awhich one yend ofy said: second4 spring bears, saidsleeve serving also asa stoptolimit lmov'einentofsaid member 1n said timin'gfadvancing direction. f f

y8'. A' fuel injection'fpumpzof ing a quantity of excess fuel at each cycleof operation and having adjustable timing means for varying the time of beginning a fuel injection cycle, characterized kby the provision of a chamber for receiving the by-passed excess fuel, a restricted outlet for escape of fuel from said chamber so that an increase or decrease in the quantity of excess fuel delivered to said chamber per unit of time tends to produce respectively an increase or decrease in thefuel pressure within said chamber, a piston movable inresponse to pressure changes within said chamber, a piston rod movable with saidpiston, a connection between said piston rod and said adjustable timing said plunger exceeds tion and having adjustable timing means for. f

varying the time of beginning a fuel injection cycle, characterized by the provision of a chamber for receiving the by-passed excess fuel, a restricted outlet for escape of fuel from said chamber so that an increase or decrease in the quantity of excess fuel delivered to said chamber per unit of time tends to producer respectively an increase or decrease in the fuel pressure within said chamber, a member movable in response to pressure changes within said chamber, a connection between said member and said'adjustable timing means to move said means in timing-advancing direction upon an increase in pressure in said chamber and in timing-retarding direction upon a decrease in pressure within said chamber, a spring tending constantly to lmove said member in timing-retarding direction against the force of ation of the pump.

- so as to neutralize means to move said means in timing-advancing direction upon an increase in chamber and in timing-retarding direction upon `a decrease in pressure within said chamber, a spring tending constantly to move said piston rod in timing-retaining direction,y a sleeve slidably mounted on said piston rod for movement therea stationary along vthroughout a limited range, abutment with which said sleeve comes into contact upon predetermined movement of said sleeve with said rod in a timing-advancing direction, so that upon continued further movement of said rod in said direction said sleeve will be held by said abutment and said rod will move relatively to said sleeve, and a second spring interposed between said piston rod and said sleeve and reacting against botnof them to tend to move said sleeve in a direction toward said abutment and "to tend to move saidvpiston rod in a timingretarding direction.

9. A construction as described in` claim 8, in which said sleeve, when in contact with said stationary abutment, acts as a stop to limit the p05- sible extent of movement of Vsaid piston and said n piston rod in a timing-advancing direction.

10. A fuel injection pump ofthe type by-pass-4 lng a quantity of excess fuel at each cycle of operation and having adjustabletiming means for .varying the time of beginning a fuel injection cycle, characterizedby the provision of a chamber for' receiving the by-passed excess fuel, a. restricted outlet for escape of fuel from said chamber so that an increase or decrease in tbequantity of excess fuel delivered to said chamber per unit of time tends to produce respectively an vincreaseor decrease in the fuel pressure within said chamber, means responsive to a change in pressure within said chamber for changing the adjustment of said timing means to advance the timing upon an increase in pressure and to retard the timing upon a decrease in said chamber, means for varying the quantity of excess fuel by-passed at each cycle of operand means for concomitantly f varying the effective size of said restricted outlet approximately the effect on chamber which wouldk otherpressure within said pressure in said in pressure with- Y wise be produced by changes in said quantity of by-passed fuel at each cycle of operation of the pump.

11. A construction as described in claim 10,7/

the movements of the former, independentiy ot said governor.

13. A construction as described in claim 10, in which said pump has a movable control member. a speed responsive governor for regulating said control member,an adjusting member for actuating said controi member jointly with said governor, anda connection between said' adjusting lmember and said means 'for varying the size of said outlet to actuate the latter in accordance with the movements ot said adjusting member.

ma nscnmava. 

